What is routing loops Routing loop is a network problem in which the packet continues to be routed in a circle without reaching to its destination network. A routing loop is a condition in which a packet is continuously transmitted within a series of routers without reaching to its destination. A routing loop can occur [...]
Every network devices contain two types of software for their operation. First one is operating system and second is configuration file. Similar to the computer the operating system facilitates the basic operation of the networking devices. Configuration files contain the Cisco IOS command used to customize the different function of a Cisco device. All commands [...]
This is the most common devices for interconnecting the local area network. The Switch provides the bridging functionality with greater efficiency and act as a multipoint bridge to connect devices in a local area network. Switch looks each data unit it received and determines from a physical address that is the MAC address, for which [...]
VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) is simply a subnetting a subnet. After the network address is subnetted, those subnet can be further subnetted.VLSM is a sub-subnetting. In routing protocols RIP v1 or IGRP not use VLSM means there is no field defines for subnet information in these protocols. This is called classfull routing. RIP and [...]
Routing protocol uses the metric to determine which route is best route for the destination. Some time router has more than one path for the destination network. To select the best path, the routing protocol must be able to evaluate and differentiate among available path. A metric is used to for this purpose. The metric [...]
Gateway potentially operates in all seven layers of the OSI model. A Gateway is a protocol converter and its main work to convert protocols among communication networks. A router transfer, accept and relays packets only across network using similar protocol on the other hand Gateway can accept a packet formatted for one protocol and convert [...]
CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing) that allows internet service provider to reduce the wasting of ip address by assigning a subnet to a company instead of the entire network. It also reduce the size of internet routing tables in the router.CIDR allows routing protocols to summarize multiple networks in a single route.With CIDR ip address and [...]
OSPF is an open protocol. It is based upon SPF algorithm written by Dijkstra. OSPF is a link state routing protocol because it sends the information of link and their states to the directly connected neighbors. OSPF support bandwidth VLSM,multicasting and CIDR. OSPF is a classless routing protocol. Administrative distance of OSPF is 110 and [...]
There are several advantages of link state routing protocols. Its build a topological map Link-state routing protocols creates a topological map of the network topology.Distacne vector protocol do not have the topological map.Router that uses the distance vector protocol only contain the list of the network, which include the cost that indicate the distance and [...]
When there is no route defines the routing table for the destination network then only default static router are used. First connect two routers with a serial cable. Here one side of cable on router1 is acts as a DCE and the other side of cable on router 2 acts as a DTE.For making DCE [...]