CCNA Notes: The Building Blocks of Knowledge Restoration
Notes play very significant roles in the lives of students because they serve as their building block in knowledge restoration. In regard to the CNNA exam, taking or jotting down notes is very important. Who would not want to pass it right? Bear in mind that it is the global standard for IT companies worldwide.
The CNNA notes is simply a concise review of vital points that help in swift review of key points. So, these are just some of the pointers you need to memorize and remember as well:
a) Internetwork IP addressing: Decimal numbers are used to write IP addresses. They are commonly separated by decimal points; that is why they are referred to as dotted decimal notation of articulating IP addresses. There are varied classes of IP addresses and they are classified as classes A, B, and C. Class A has an N.H.H.H format with a leading bit pattern of 0, having the network address range of 0-126. Its maximum networks are 127 with maximum nodes of 16,777,214. Class B has an N.N.H.H format with a leading bit pattern of 10, having the network address range of 128-191. Its maximum networks are 16,384 with maximum nodes of 65,534. Class C has an N.N.N.H format with a leading bit pattern of 110, having the network address range of 192-223. Its maximum networks are 2,097,152 with maximum nodes of 254. The network address having all the zeros means that the network is segment; those having the 1s pertains to all the networks; network number 127 is set aside for loop-back exams; the node address of all the zeros means “this node” while the node address of all the 1s pertains to all the nodes on the particular network.
b) The series of numbers from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 is used exclusively for the so-called multicast packets and this is commonly known as Class D address range.
c) Sub-netting refers to the process of making networks within a network. Through this, an organization with just a single IP address is allowed to have manifold sub-networks thus letting many physical networks within the certain organization.
d) Here are the easy ways on how to make the most of the number of sub-networks for a specified number of nodes:
In a network ID of 168.8.0.0, the maximum number of subnets and the parallel subnet mask that can contain at least 500 nodes can be easily found. These are the steps that show how it is done:
d.1) The first step is to find the class of the IP address but in this case it is assumed that the given is a class B network. Normally, class B network is in the N.N.H.H. format. So, there is a total of 16 bits (i.e. two octets) for conveying to nodes and internal networks. The node addresses’ minimum number necessary is 500. In this case the last octet complements to 2^8; that has a total of 256 nodes which is still less than 500 nodes. So now, you need to borrow another bit from the third octet to make it 256*2 which is equal to 512 nodes. This leaves a total of 7 bits in the third octet for conveying subnet addresses and this is approximately equal to 2^7 having 128 subnets.
So, here are some of the basic knowledge and information that you must know in order for you to pass the CNNA exam. CNNA notes are undoubtedly the building blocks for storage restoration.
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