What is the Ethernet
The OSI Model describes the functionalities of the data link layer that are-addressing, framing and accessing the media from the physical layer standard. Ethernet standard define both the layer 2(Data link layer) protocol and the layer 1 (Physical layer) technologies. The Ethernet is the LAN product and described by the IEEE standard. The standard for the Ethernet is the 802.3.This protocol is actually work on the Media Access Layer (MAC) that is the sublayer of the Data Link Layer and the Physical layer.
We can say that the Ethernet is a method that allows all hosts in a network to share the same bandwidth of a link. Ethernet uses the both lower layer specification that is Data link layer and the Physical layer.
Ethernet uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).This is a protocol that help devices to share the bandwidth, it is created to overcome the problem of those collision that occur when packets are transmitted simultaneously form different nodes. In CSMA/CD when a host want to transmit the message over the network, it first check for the presence of other signal on the wire if the path is clear means no other host is transmitting a signal ,the host will then forward its transmission. After the transmission the host is not stop it continuously monitors the wire to make sure no other host is transmitting the signal and if the host detect the another signal on the wire, it send out a jam signal that causes all hosts on the segment to stop sending data and the hosts respond to that jam signal by waiting a while before attempting to transmit signal again.
In Ethernet different MAC address are used for layer 2 Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast.
Unicast MAC address is a unique address used when a frame is sent from a single transmitting device to the single destination device. Broadcast at layer 2 uses a special address that allows all hosts to accept the frame and process it. Multicast address allows a source device to send a packet to a group of the hosts. The range of IP Multicast address is 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
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