CCNA Training Blog

Dynamic routing protocols can be classified in various ways. These can be classified into three groups:

1. IGP and BGP protocols
2. Distance vector and link state protocols
3. Classful and Classless protocols

The first classification is based upon protocol to be used within our network or between our network and another network. In the second classification Distance vector means that routes are advertise as vector of distance and direction, the link state routing protocol create a complete view or topology of the network by gathering information from all the other router.Classful routing protocol do not send the subnet mask information in the [...] Continue Reading…

All routing protocols can also be classified-

1. Classful routing protocols

These protocols do not send subnet mask information in their routing updates.Teh first routing protocol RIP is classful protocol. It was introduced when network addresses were allocated based on classes-classA,classB and class C.RIP need not to include the subnet mask in the routing updates because the network mask could be determined based on the first octet on the network address.Classful routing protocols cannot be used when a network is subnetted using more than one subnet mask. In the other word we can say it does not support the Variable length [...] Continue Reading…

-EIGRP is Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.

-EIGRP known as hybrid protocol because it has characteristic of both distance vector routing protocol and link state routing protocol.

-EIGRP is based on Bellman-Ford algorithm.

-Administrative distance of EIGRP is 90 for internal route and 170 for external route and 5 for the summary route.

-Metric of EIGRP is composite based upon following components

Bandwidth
Delay
Load
Reliability
Maximum transmission unit (MTU)

-By default EIGRP consider bandwidth and delay as its metric.

-Auto summarization is by default enable in EIGRP and it can be turn off via no auto-summary command under EIGRP process.
-EIGRP support VLSM, multicasting and CIDR.
-Multicast address of EIGRP is [...] Continue Reading…

Every router uses the operation system and the OS used in router is known as Internetwork operation System (IOS).Similar the operating system of the computer Cisco IOS is responsible to manage the hardware and software resources of the router. It is a multitasking operating system that is integrated with routing, switching, and internetworking and telecommunications functions. The Cisco IOS was created to deliver the network services and applications. It runs on most Cisco router. It carries different network protocols and functions The Cisco IOS is also provide the security to control access and stop the unauthorized network use.

An IOS [...] Continue Reading…

Bridge operates in both the physical layer and the data link layer of the OSI model.

Bridges can divide a large network in to smaller segments. Bridge connects one local area network to another local area network and uses the same protocol. The Bridge looks each and every message and passes it to the other interconnected network. They can also relay frames between two originally separate LANs.It reduces the traffic between two LANs.Bridge can also provide security through this partitioning or traffic.

A Bridge operates at the data link layer, giving it access to the physical address of all stations connected [...] Continue Reading…

Distance vector protocol, RIP sends the periodic updates to maintain the routing table. Unlike the RIP, EIGRP does not send the periodic updates, it sends the bounded updates means EIGRP send updates when the topology changes or the metric for that route is change. When any router to be add or removed, EIGRP send an update only the information about that route instead of the entire table and this information send only to router that need it.

EIGRP send the updates that are-

1. Nonperiodic, because they are not send updates on regular basis as in RIP.

2. Partial updates, because EIGRP [...] Continue Reading…

The administrative distance provides preference to the path. When the routing process determine which route to be used when forwarding a packet, before it router first determine which route to be include in the routing table. It can be happen when a router learn a route to a remote network from more than one routing source. Then routing process need to determine which routing source to use. This is determined by the administrative distance.

The router learns the directly connected network and the remote network by the static route and dynamic routing protocol. A router learns about the route to [...] Continue Reading…

Similar to the computer, a router uses a process to boot. It includes testing the hardware, loading the IOS, performing the configuration commands in the startup configuration file. The process is following:

Post-It is process used to test the router hardware. When the router powered on, post operation is starts. After the post has been completed the router executes the bootstrap program.

Bootstrap

After the post operation the boot strap program is copied from ROM into RAM. The main task of the bootstrap program is to locate the Cisco IOS and load it into the RAM. In the Bootstrap program router search [...] Continue Reading…

The OSI Model describes the functionalities of the data link layer that are-addressing, framing and accessing the media from the physical layer standard. Ethernet standard define both the layer 2(Data link layer) protocol and the layer 1 (Physical layer) technologies. The Ethernet is the LAN product and described by the IEEE standard. The standard for the Ethernet is the 802.3.This protocol is actually work on the Media Access Layer (MAC) that is the sublayer of the Data Link Layer and the Physical layer.

We can say that the Ethernet is a method that allows all hosts in a network to [...] Continue Reading…

Network is a group of connected two or more systems sharing the resources and communicate to each other by the means of shard communication link. A Network requires two or more individual system with something to share and the system must be connecting through the communication media. All the system must follow the physical rules to communicate to each other that are known as the Protocols. So we can say a Network must have the following-

1. Something to share
2. Transmission medium
3. Rules of communication (Protocol)

The goal of networking is not a simply to exchange the data but also able [...] Continue Reading…